A simulation model is a mathematical representation of a real-world system or process that allows researchers to study and analyze the behavior of the system under different conditions. It involves the creation of a computer-based model that simulates the interactions and relationships between various components of the system, and the use of this model to generate data and make predictions about the system's performance. Simulation models are used in a wide range of research areas, including engineering, economics, biology, and social sciences, to understand complex systems, test hypotheses, and inform decision-making. They can be used to study the effects of different policies or interventions, assess the impact of changes in the system, and optimize processes to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Overall, simulation models provide a powerful tool for researchers to gain insights into the behavior of complex systems and make more informed decisions based on the analysis of the model.